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51.
Toby J. Hibbitts Martin J. Whiting Devi M. Stuart-Fox 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1169-1176
Many species possess multiple sexually dimorphic traits, which incorporate different sensory modalities (e.g., acoustic, olfactory
and visual), although their relative roles in sexual selection and in determining reproductive success are still poorly understood
for most taxa. We assessed the role of multiple male traits, including one acoustic (dominant call frequency) and one visual
(yellow throat patch) trait, in residency advertisement, contest behavior, and breeding success in barking geckos (Ptenopus garrulus garrulus). We show that male barking geckos maintain largely exclusive home ranges, with a trend for larger males to maintain larger
home ranges. We also show that larger males have a lower dominant calling frequency. When aggressive behavior was elicited
in the field using a recorded call of average frequency, resident males with low frequency calls were more likely to respond
aggressively and charge the speaker compared to males with high frequency calls. However, body size and small relative throat
patch size, rather than call frequency, were the best predictors of overall aggressiveness. Body size was also the best predictor
of whether males bred. We suggest that call frequency in this crepuscular species constitutes an effective long-range signal
of body size, used by males for remote rival assessment and to advertise home range boundaries in low-light environments. 相似文献
52.
In the present study, degradation of endosulfan by a mixed culture isolated from a pesticide-contaminated soil was studied in batch experiments. After two weeks of incubation, the mixed culture was able to degrade 73% and 81% of alpha and beta endosulfan respectively. Endodiol was identified by GC/MS as degradation intermediate. The toxicity studies of endosulfan before and after degradation were carried out using micronucleus assay on human polymorphonuclear cells. The findings suggested that the metabolism of endosulfan isomers by the mixed culture was accompanied by significant reduction in the toxicity. Studies were also carried out to quantify the degradation potential of the individual species in the mixed bacterial culture. Two cultures identified by 16S rRNA as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Rhodococcus erythropolis were found to be responsible for majority of the degradation by the mixed culture. S. maltophilia showed better degradation efficiency compared to that by R. erythropolis. This is the first report of endosulfan degradation using the above-mentioned organisms. 相似文献
53.
54.
Pramanik S Devi S Chowdhary S Surendran ST Krishnamurthi K Chakrabarti T 《Chemosphere》2011,82(7):941-946
Reduction in DNA repair capacity is associated with increased rates of birth defects, cancer, and accelerated ageing. Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes might influence the repair activities of the enzymes predisposing individuals to cancer risk. Owing to the presence of these genetic variants, inter-individual and ethnic differences in DNA repair capacity have been observed in various populations. India harbors enormous genetic, cultural and linguistic diversity. The present study was undertaken to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of four non-synonymous SNPs, XRCC1 Arg399Gln (C > T, rs25487), XRCC3 Thr241Met (G > A, rs861539), XPD Lys751Gln (T > G, rs13181), and OGG1 Ser326Cys (C > G, rs1052133) in the Maharashtrian population, residing in the Vidarbha region of central India and to compare them with HapMap and other Indian populations. The variant alleles of these polymorphisms have been found to be positively associated with different forms of cancer in several genetic epidemiological studies. The basic prevalence of these polymorphisms in the general population must be known to evaluate their significance in risk assessment in cancer and other phenotypes. About 215 healthy and unrelated individuals from the Maharashtrian population were genotyped for each of these four polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP. The allele and genotype frequency distribution at the four DNA repair gene loci among Maharashtrians revealed a characteristic pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of these DNA repair gene polymorphisms in a central Indian population. 相似文献
55.
M. Yokesh Babu L. Palanikumar N. Nagarani V. Janaki Devi S. Ramesh Kumar C. M. Ramakritinan A. K. Kumaraguru 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9604-9616
Marine macroalgae have evolved a different mechanism to maintain physiological concentrations of essential metal ions and non-essential metals. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant response and DNA damage of copper and cadmium ions in three halophytes, namely, Acanthophora spicifera, Chaetomorpha antennina, and Ulva reticulata. Accumulation of copper was significantly higher (P?0.05) than that of cadmium. Biochemical responses showed that copper was considerably more toxic than cadmium (P?0.05). Decreases in glutathione content and fluctuations of super oxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed corresponding to time and concentration of exposure. Interestingly, it was also observed that antioxidant levels decreased as a result of metal accumulation, which may be due to free radicals generated by copper and cadmium in seaweeds. The present study also showed that copper and cadmium increased oxidative stress and induced antioxidant defense systems against reactive oxygen species. The order of toxicity for metals in the studied seaweeds was U. reticulata > A. spicifera > C. antennina. DNA damage index analysis supported that copper was significantly (P?0.05) more toxic than cadmium. Bioaccumulation, biochemical responses, and DNA damage observed in the here analyzed marine macroalgae after exposure to selected metals indicate that these marine organisms represent useful bioindicators of marine pollution. 相似文献
56.
Suren N. Kulshreshtha Devi D. Tewari 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(2):227-236
ABSTRACT: Water abundance has led most North American societies to use water freely without priorizing its use. As water scarcity becomes reality in the southern part of Saskatchewan, planners and managers of water require information about the value of water in irrigation, as well as in alternative uses. In this study, the value of water to the producer in irrigation is developed both for the short and long run. The basis of this imputation is a derived demand function for water using linear programming. Water demand was bound to be inelastic at lower prices, and highly elastic at higher prices. The short-run value of water varied between $0.44 and $127.82 (1986 dollars) per acre-foot for different levels of product prices. However, the long-run value was estimated between zero and $1.59 per acre-foot of water. 相似文献
57.
Recreation and Radial Growth of Pine Forests of the Natural Monument “Lake Turgoyak”, Southern Urals
Kukarskih V. V. Devi N. M. Bubnov M. O. Agafonov L. I. 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2022,53(3):169-180
Russian Journal of Ecology - The study presents results of the influence of recreational impact on the radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in old-growth stands at the sites with the V... 相似文献
58.
Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi Shihua Qi Paromita Chakraborty Gan Zhang Ishwar Chandra Yadav 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(5):808-815
Thirty-six polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed over a year during January to December, 2009
at three locations, i.e., Imphal (urban site), Thoubal (rural site) and Waithou (alpine site) of Manipur, to assess the seasonal local
atmospheric emission of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The average concentration of HCHs monitored at mountain site
during hot season (Mar, Apr, and May) and rainy seasons (Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep) were 403 and 349 pg/m3, respectively. DDTs had a
high concentration with 384 pg/m3 at rural site and 379 pg/m3 at urban site during hot seasons. Endosulfans and chlordane were found
high in concentration during hot seasons (260 pg/m3) and low during retreating monsoon seasons (44 pg/m3) at rural site. Most of the
OCPs concentrations were high during cultivation period. The OCP concentrations of rainy season were highly correlated (p < 0.01)
with OCPs of hot seasons. Further, positive correlation (p < 0.05) was also obtained between cold seasons and retreating monsoon.
Principal component analysis showed a significant correlation among the four seasons and distribution pattern of OCPs in air. Back
trajectory analysis by using HYPSLIT model showed a long range air transport of OCPs to the present study area. Present OCP levels
at Manipur is an outcome of both local emission and also movement of air mass by long range atmospheric transport. 相似文献
59.
The aim of this study was to examine effects of lead (Pb)-based paints on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indicator for lipid peroxidation; and on activities of serum antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in industrial painters. A total of 67 male painters and 50 age-matched and gender-matched controls were included in this cross-sectional study. There were 19 smokers and 48 non-smokers in the paint-exposed group and 20 smokers and 30 non-smokers in the control group. Hemoglobin concentrations were lower in painters’ blood compared to controls. The blood Pb concentrations were higher in painters compared to controls. SOD and GPx activities were significantly lower in painters compared to controls. MDA concentration was found to be significantly elevated. Smoking was found to be a major confounder. Data suggest that Pb-based paints affect oxidant parameters in occupationally exposed workers. 相似文献
60.
S. Palani S. Raja R. Praveen Kumar K. Sakthivel K. Devi B. Senthil Kumar 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1199-1211
Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. Many spices and herbs are known to be hypoglycemic. Mahonia leschenaultia Takeda (Berberidaceae) (MLT) is a traditional medicinal plant that is commonly used against diseases in India and other Asian countries. The aim of this study is to identify the phytoconstituents by gas chromatography–mass spectrography (GC–MS) and evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the ethanol extract of MLT on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Phytoconstituents like oleicacid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-n-hexadecanoic acid were identified as high % peak when compared with other compounds by GC–MS. STZ-induced diabetic animals were fed with plant extracts at different doses (250 or 500 mg kg?1 body wt) of ethanol extract of MLT. The results of the study revealed a significant increase in total hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin along with the reduction in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia effects in MLT-treated STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to diabetic only rats. Further, ethanol extracts of MLT-treated animals at 500 mg kg?1 showed that shrinkage of β cells of islets of Langerhans was restored as evidenced by histological studies of pancreas of diabetic animals. Thus the ethanol extract of MLT might serve as a reliable adjuvant for antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of STZ, and may be promising for development of phytomedicines for diabetes mellitus. 相似文献